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Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. They can affect any part of your urinary tract, from your kidneys to your bladder. Often, stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together.
Symptoms: Kidney stones may not cause symptoms until they move around within your kidney or pass into your ureter. At that point, you may experience severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs, pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin, fluctuating pain intensity, painful urination, pink, red, or brown urine, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, nausea, vomiting, and persistent need to urinate.
Causes and Risk Factors: Kidney stones can form due to various factors, including dehydration, certain diets, obesity, digestive diseases, and surgeries, as well as some genetic conditions. High levels of calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus in the urine are common contributors. Risk factors include family or personal history of kidney stones, being an adult aged 30-60, being male, and consuming a diet high in protein, sodium, and sugar.
Treatment: Treatment for kidney stones varies depending on the size and type of stone. Small stones can often be passed naturally by drinking plenty of water and taking pain relievers. Medical therapies might include medications to help pass the stones or manage pain. Larger stones might require more advanced treatment, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which uses sound waves to break the stones into smaller pieces, or surgical procedures like ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Prevention: To prevent kidney stones, it’s crucial to stay well-hydrated, maintain a healthy diet low in oxalates, sodium, and animal protein, and take prescribed medications if you have a history of recurrent stones.
At Sanmati Uro-Gynae Clinic, Dr. Manoj Jain, a specialist in urology, provides comprehensive care for kidney stones, offering advanced diagnostic and treatment options to ensure effective relief and prevention strategies tailored to each patient's needs.
